mRNA tehnologija tudi za boj proti rakavim celicam?
V nedavni študiji, objavljeni v strokovno pregledani reviji Cell, je skupina raziskovalcev z univerze Florida v ZDA predstavila obetavne rezultate uporabe mRNA tehnologije za zdravljenje glioblastoma, ene najbolj agresivnih oblik možganskega raka. Ta majhna, vendar pomembna študija vključuje inovativno uporabo mRNA tehnologije, ki je bila ključna pri razvoju cepiv proti COVID-19, tokrat pa je prilagojena za boj proti rakavim celicam.
Študija se osredotoča na razvoj prilagojenega cepiva, ki uporablja celice iz bolnikovega lastnega tumorja, da sproži imunski odziv proti rakavim celicam. Cepivo vsebuje genetski material, imenovan RNA, iz tumorja, ki je bil kirurško odstranjen. Ta RNA se nato pretvori v messenger RNA (mRNA), ki služi kot navodila za proizvodnjo beljakovin, ki so značilne za tumorske celice.
Za dosego močnejšega in hitrejšega imunskega odziva je raziskovalna ekipa razvila poseben sistem dostave. mRNA je zavita v lipidne nanodelce, ki delujejo kot visokotehnološki prenašalci informacij do imunskih celic. Ko se te spremenjene celice vbrizgajo nazaj v krvni obtok, jih imunski sistem zazna kot viruse, kar sproži močan odziv.
Visokotehnološki prenašalci informacij
Profesor Elias Sayour, višji avtor študije, pojasnjuje, da je njihov pristop primerljiv z “vrečo polno čebul”, kjer se delci ovijajo drug okoli drugega, kar omogoča globlji opozorilni signal za imunski sistem. Ta metoda je pokazala, da se lahko tumorji, ki so prej veljali za ‘hladne’ z malo imunske aktivnosti, preoblikujejo v ‘vroče’ zelo aktivne tarče za imunski odziv.
Rezultati študije so pokazali, da se lahko zgodnji del imunskega sistema proti raku aktivira zelo hitro, v manj kot 48 urah po injiciranju cepiva, kar je ključnega pomena za odklepanje močnejših učinkov kasneje v terapiji. Študija prav tako temelji na sedemletnih raziskavah, ki so se začele s poskusi na miših in se nadaljevale s kliničnim preskušanjem na hišnih psih z napredovalim možganskim rakom. Psi, ki so prejeli zdravljenje, so živeli povprečno 139 dni, kar je precej več od običajnega povprečja 30 do 60 dni.
Profesor Duane Mitchell, soavtor študije, poudarja pomen teh ugotovitev za nadaljnje raziskave, saj lahko privedejo do novih načinov za sprožitev imunskega sistema proti tumorjem, hkrati pa omejujejo stranske učinke.
V prvi fazi kliničnega preskušanja bodo cepivo zdaj testirali na do 24 odraslih in pediatričnih bolnikih, da bi potrdili ugotovitve in določili najboljši pristop za sprožitev imunskega odziva. Nadaljnje raziskave bodo ključne za razumevanje, kako te ugotovitve lahko izboljšajo dolgoročno preživetje in kakovost življenja bolnikov z glioblastomom.
[Vir: Euronews]; Portal24; Foto: Freepik
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